THE ANALYSIS OF INFORMATICS SECURITY COSTS IN CITIZEN ORIENTED APPLICATIONS

The paper highlights the analysis of informatics security costs for the citizen oriented applications. The citizen oriented informatics applications are defined. The differences brought by these when compared with the traditional applications are described. Structures of citizen oriented informatics applications are presented. A few common citizen oriented applications are discussed. The special security requirements of the citizen oriented applications are discussed. Ways of increasing the security of the applications are given.security, cost, estimation, citizen orientation, distributed applications

BAYESIAN APPROACH TO RISK ASSESSMENT IN KNOWLEDGE BASED AUTHENTICATION

Knowledge is quantified according to [1] as expertise and skills acquired by a person, the theoretical understanding of a specific subject or facts and information with respect to a specific field or domain. According to [2] knowledge is information possessed by an individual which can be used in profit generating activities. Knowledge in the context of KBA is represented by common information known by the individual who will be used to confirm his identity. According to [1] authentication is the act of establishing or confirming something or someone as authentic. Considering access control, authentication is the process through which the identity of an individual is established through the use of a diverse set of credentials.risk assessment, knowledge

Transaction Machines – The Infrastructure of Financial Markets

This thesis describes financial markets as complex machines in the broader sense, as systems for organizing informational flows and performing certain functions in regards to the processing of transactions. We focus on the transaction infrastructure of financial markets, on the flow architecture that allows transactions to happen in the first place. First, in order for a financial market to function there needs to be some mechanism for aggregating and matching disparate transactional requests. Another mechanism is then needed in order to untangle and reduce the complexity of overlapping exposures between participants. The history of finance shows us that there are indeed certain patterns and regularities, procedures and mechanisms present in any system that processes financial transactions. The thesis describes this sequence of functions as transaction machines, understood as complex socio-technical systems for the execution of financial transactions. This is achieved by leveraging a specific philosophical account of technology coupled with a computational and evolutionary account of financial markets. We ultimately focus two types of transaction machines, performing the matching and clearing of financial flows, acting as the infrastructure of financial markets. We also provide a sketch for an evolutionary trajectory of these machines, evolving under the demands and needs of marker participants. From medieval fairs to the millisecond electronic platforms of today, transaction machines have gradually transitioned from human-based ‘hardware’ to electronic automated platforms. Moreover, we also describe the complex power dynamics of contemporary transaction machines. In as much as they are the dominant hubs of global financial markets, the thesis argues for the necessity of a more granular account of the functioning and evolution of transaction machines

Audit Techniques for Service Oriented Architecture Applications

The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach enables the development of flexible distributed applications. Auditing such applications implies several specific challenges related to interoperability, performance and security. The service oriented architecture model is described and the advantages of this approach are analyzed. We also highlight several quality attributes and potential risks in SOA applications that an architect should be aware when designing a distributed system. Key risk factors are identified and a model for risk evaluation is introduced. The top reasons for auditing SOA applications are presented as well as the most important standards. The steps for a successful audit process are given and discussed.Service Oriented Architecture, Audit, Quality Attributes, Interoperability, Performance, Security

Money as a computational machine

This article presents a speculative philosophical account of money as a computational machine. It does so by leveraging a computational and machinic framework, drawing primarily from the work of Philip Mirowski and Jean Cartelier. The argument is focused on a specific level of abstraction, i.e., the monetary operations involved in the creation and transfer of units of account, asking whether it is possible to view these operations as computations that mediate economic relations. As the primary function of such a machine would be one of social coordination, the article also highlights the political consequences of its implementation across society

Sub-micron surface plasmon resonance sensor systems

A sensor for detecting the presence of a target analyte, ligand or molecule in a test fluid, comprising a light transmissive substrate on which an array of surface plasmon resonant (SPR) elements is mounted is described. A multi-channel sensor for detecting the presence of several targets with a single micro-chip sensor is described. A multi-channel sensor including collections of SPR elements which are commonly functionalized to one of several targets is also described. The detectors sense changes in the resonant response of the SPR elements indicative of binding with the targets

FINANCIAL CONTAGION AND INVESTORS BEHAVIOR

International capital markets, in general, seem to be volatile markets, influenced bymany factors, a phenomenon that affects both developed markets, as well as least developed, withemerging market economies suffering most because of this. It is clear, however, that volatility willremain for as long as it is delayed the adoption of specific measures at national and internationalfinancial architecture level, measures that may be necessary to reduce these risks, to limit theirimpact, and that the question financial market can relapse in a manner as efficiently as possible.investor behaviour, financial crisis, rational investor, irational investor, financial contagion

Graffiti und Street-Art

Graffiti gehört zu den ältesten Medien der Menschheitsgeschichte. Dazu zählen die Wandmalereien in den Höhlen von Lacaux und Altamira, deren Alter auf ca. 40.000 Jahre geschätzt wird. Menschen von bereits vergangenen Hochkulturen verwendeten Wände als Untergrund für Kunst und Mitteilungen. Diese Form der Kommunikation hat sich bis heute gehalten. Menschen auf der ganzen Welt nutzen Graffiti und seit einigen Jahren auch Street-Art um in der Öffentlichkeit bzw. mit der Öffentlichkeit zu kommunizieren. Graffiti hat viele Formen und Erscheinungen. Die gegenwärtige, moderne Form hat ihre Wurzeln in der US-amerikanischen Jugendbewegung der 1960er Jahre. Die Graffitihauptstadt ist die Stadt New York. In dieser Weltmetropole entstand ein neues Kulturphänomen, das einen weltweiten Boom ungeahnten Ausmaßes auslöste. Auch Japan konnte sich dieser neuen Bewegung nicht entziehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entstehung und der Entwicklung von Graffiti und Street-Art in Japan. Weiters werden Kernpunkte der gegenwärtigen Entwicklung dargestellt und bearbeitet. Die Forschungsfragen, die im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen, befassen sich mit den Auslöser dieses Kulturphänomens in Japan und mit den Kriterien, die dafür ausschlaggebend waren, dass sich diese Kultur-Form bis heute nicht nur gehalten, sondern weiterentwickelt und ein Teil der japanischen Gesellschaft geworden ist

Towards lattice Boltzmann models for climate sciences : The GeLB programming language with applications

The complexity of Earth system models (ESMs) is continuously increasing a both quantitatively (higher spatio-temporal resolution for existing models) and qualitatively (accounting for additional processes). These trends are sustained by growing capabilities of computers and (equally important) by innovative algorithms. Better algorithms can lead to more accurate and/or more efficient numerical solutions. Efficiency attracted more attention during the last decade when, due to thermal limitations, the driving force behind increased computing performance has shifted from higher clock-frequencies (lower latencies) to more hardware parallelism (higher throughput). Not all numerical algorithms are suited for the new massively-parallel machines a some established approaches can reach plateaus in terms of performance scalability, which motivates ongoing research to find alternatives that thrive on the new hardware. In this thesis the potential of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is analyzed, as a promising alternative for modeling processes relevant to ESMs . During the last two decades, this relatively new approach was successfully applied to many flow problems in engineering (simulation of multi-phase and multi-component flows, melting processes, flows in porous media, and direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence). At the core of any LBM algorithm is a simplified physical landscape inspired by the kinetic theory of gases, with a mesoscopica particles which interact (collisions) and then propagate freely (streaming). This idealized dynamics (usually with local interactions) leads to algorithms which are particularly suited for parallel execution a a key property, which is also interesting for ESMs . However, the impact of LBM on Earth system models was small so far, due to limitations of the early LBM algorithms. The method deserves reconsideration, due to recent advances on improving its stability, a simplified implementation of accurate body-forces, and accurate simulation of thermal flows. This thesis adds two main contributions to this direction: (a) From a computer science (CS) / technical perspective, the new GeLB domain-specific language (DSL) is introduced, to facilitate testing and development of new LBM algorithms. By isolating many of the technical implementation side-issues away from the core physical algorithm, this new tool aims to counteract some of the a fragmentationa of the LBM research, by: (i) shortening the time to develop a parallel simulation from an algorithm idea, (ii) serving as a basis for objective comparisons of different physical algorithms, and by (iii) facilitating sharing of algorithms. (b) From a physical point of view, several flow-problems related to climate sciences are simulated, taking advantage of the recent progress in the LBM research literature. First, the Rayleigh-Benard ( RB ) problem is simulated (in 2D and 3D configurations). The evolution of the flow in this problem is driven by buoyancy forces which can trigger convection (similar to convection in the atmosphere, or to the intermittent bursts of deep-reaching convection, which significantly influence the composition and circulation of oceanic water-masses). As a last application, simulation results are shown for the wind-driven ocean circulation (WDOC) of an idealized barotropic ocean, to which one of the more recent LBM algorithms is applied for the first time (first with an idealized geometry, then with a realistic global land-mask)

ASSESING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REAL CONVERGENCE IN ROMANIA

The convergence is an essential objective of the integration process of Romania in the European Union. Minimizing gaps in the level of development that arise between Romania and the average European Union can not be achieved solely through the use of marconvergence, European Union, real convergence